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All of these methods can change the objects or its characteristics in fine arts, and, in music, the tone or the length of a tone. The same holds true for adding and subtracting as well. Similarly, in Minimal Art the technique of substitution refers to single elements and empty spaces. Musical substitution is not limited to replacing notes but is also applied for pauses. Vice versa this applies also to subtraction which is frequently used as a kind of mirrored reflection after an addition, like in Steve Reich’s Drumming (1971). Thus, the importance as well as the effect changes significantly.

For example, if a third is added to an existing fifth, a decision has to be taken between a major and a minor key. Musical addition means adding one tone to the composition. They are applied either jointly to smaller units or to the work as a whole. The three most famous methods of mathematical logic in Minimal Art and Minimal Music are addition, subtraction and substitution. While repetition is closely connected to the material, the mathematical logical method focuses more on the structure of the work.

In the context of these techniques additional and logically deductible considerations are made concerning the grade and the frequency of repetition instead of serially arranging the existing elements without modifying them. Mathematical logical techniques resemble repetition.